Pre-portioned moist product

ABSTRACT

A pre-portioned moist product comprises a portion of plant material and a coating. Preferably, the plant material comprises tobacco. The coating includes a soluble, non-cross-linkable component and an cross-linkable component which becomes substantially water-insoluble upon crosslinking. The soluble component of the coating dissolves upon placement in the mouth, while the insoluble component disintegrates and/or loses structural integrity once the soluble component has dissolved to release and disperse the plant material in the user&#39;s mouth.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/300,910, filed on Jun. 10, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 13/901,670, filed May 24, 2013, which is acontinuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/367,192, filed on Feb. 6,2009, which claims priority to U.S. provisional Application No.61/006,984, filed on Feb. 8, 2008, the entire content of which isincorporated herein by reference.

SUMMARY

Provided is a pre-portioned, product that is a collection of particlesof a plant material that is at least partially enclosed by a coating,which coating is prepared by placing a preportioned shaped mass of theplant material in an aqueous coating solution which includes one or morewater-soluble, non-cross-linked components in an amount of about 15% toabout 30% by weight based on the weight of the coating solution and oneor more substantially water-insoluble, cross-linked components in anamount of about 0.3% to about 1.5% by weight based on the weight of thecoating solution. Preferably, the plant material includes a tobaccomaterial, such as moist smokeless tobacco. The coating may also containa tobacco material. Once placed in the mouth, the soluble,non-cross-linked component dissolves. The insoluble, cross-linkedcomponent is insufficient to hold the particles of plant materialtogether, so that the plant material is released and/or dispersed inloose form in a user's mouth. The result is a pre-portioned moist plantmaterial product which has sufficient structural integrity to be handledand inserted into the mouth by the user, but which breaks up afterinsertion in the user's mouth, to replicate the experience of using amoist plant material product, such as loose moist smokeless tobacco.

In another embodiment is provided a method of forming a pre-portionedproduct for oral enjoyment having a semi-dissolvable coating, the methodcomprising: forming a portion of plant material particles to form apre-portioned plant material; contacting said portion of pre-portionedplant material with a multi-component coating solution comprising awater-soluble, non-cross-linkable polymer included in an amount of about15% to about 30% by weight based on the weight of the coating solutionand a cross-linkable polymer which forms a substantially water-insolublepolymer upon cross-linking included in an amount of about 0.3% to about1.5% by weight, based on the weight of the coating solution, to form acoating on said portion of moist plant material; and cross-linking saidcross-linkable polymer to form a semi-dissolvable, coating on thesurface of the pre-portioned plant material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a tobacco productwith a coating.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It will be understood that any embodiments described herein with respectto tobacco can be extended to other plant materials by replacing all orsome of the particulate tobacco material with the other particulateplant material, and making such other changes as may be necessary toachieve the desired result of a coated, pre-portioned product havingsufficient structural integrity for easy handling and manipulation,while rapidly and thoroughly disintegrating in the user's oral cavity.

As described herein, a moist tobacco product has been developed whereina coating surrounds a molded shape of moist tobacco. It has been foundthat some coatings of moist smokeless tobacco exhibit various drawbackswith respect to flavor release and/or ability to contain moist smokelesstobacco. For instance, it has been determined that some coatingmaterials are not comfortable in a user's mouth, while others providetoo rapid a flavor release or too much moisture.

To help overcome drawbacks such as these, the coating described hereinhas been developed, which allows the flow of flavor juices from themoist smokeless tobacco, as well as any added flavors, into the user'soral cavity. The product described herein also allows for the formationof a pre-portioned tobacco product that is easily placed in the mouth,but which breaks up into individual particles once the non-cross-linkedcomponents of the coating dissolve on exposure to the user's saliva.

As used herein, the term “pre-portioned” describes tobacco or otherplant material that has been molded or divided into individual servingsprior to use, such that the pre-portioned tobacco can be placed in auser's mouth without the need for the user to determine an amount touse. It is intended to include collections of plant material particlesthat have been pressed or molded or otherwise formed into one or moreshapes that are convenient for a user to recognize, manipulate, and/orcomfortably insert into the oral cavity and consume, and which containan amount of plant material similar to that commonly used by users ofmoist smokeless products. The terms “pre-portioned plant material” or“pre-portioned tobacco material” as used herein refers to the plantmaterial and/or tobacco exclusive of the coating. The term“pre-portioned product” as used herein refers to the coated product as awhole, i.e., to the pre-portioned plant material or pre-portionedtobacco material, and its coating.

As used herein, the terms “particle” or “particles” denote anysubdivided form of plant material, and can include flakes, granules,powders, chopped stems, leaves, flowers, or other pieces of a plantmaterial, and in a particular embodiment, of tobacco.

As used herein, the term “substantially water-insoluble” denotes amaterial that has a significantly lower solubility in water than thenon-cross-linked water-soluble polymers described herein.

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of apre-portioned product 10 with a coating 12. The coating 12 is a singlelayer, multicomponent coating that coats a pre-portioned amount of plantmaterial 16. The multicomponent coating 12 includes a soluble polymerand an insoluble polymer, which may be the same or different polymer.Plant material 16 is a collection of plant material particles that havebeen formed into a suitable size and/or shape. Preferably, the plantmaterial 16 is a molded portion of moist smokeless tobacco of a sizesuitable for consumption by an individual.

Preferably, the pre-portioned product 10 is sized and configured to fitcomfortably between the user's cheek and gum. The pre-portioned product10 may be formed in many shapes including, without limitation, spheres,rectangles, oblong shapes, crescent shapes, ovals, and cubes. In apreferred embodiment, the pre-portioned product is rectangular andweighs about 1.0 g. to about 3.5 g, more particularly about 2.5 g to 3.0g (e.g., about 2.6 g to about 2.9 g or about 2.7 g to about 2.8 g).

In a preferred embodiment, a coating 12 is prepared from amulticomponent polymer solution (coating solution). The pre-portionedamount of moist plant material can be enclosed by the coating byapplying to at least some of the outer surface of the portion a polymersolution including at least two polymers (and which may include, e.g.,at least three polymers or at least four polymers). At least one polymerof the coating solution is a water-soluble, non-cross-linkable polymer,which dissolves in the mouth. At least one other polymer in the coatingsolution is a water-soluble, cross-linkable polymer which becomessubstantially water-insoluble after crosslinking. The polymer coatingmay be applied to the moist pre-portioned plant material by a variety oftechniques, which can include dipping, spraying, and the like. Thecoated pre-portioned plant material is then contacted with across-linking agent suitable for the cross-linkable polymer or polymersemployed in the coating. This contact can result from application of thecross-linking agent to the coated portion, e.g., by spraying, dipping,or other application of a solution of cross-linking agent to the coatedportion (resulting in an “outside-in” direction of cross-linking).Alternatively, cross-linking can result from contact of thecross-linkable polymer with cross-linking agent already present in theplant material, either as the result of cross-linking agent present inthe plant material before it is formed into a pre-portion, or as theresult of the application of cross-linking agent to the pre-portionprior to application of the polymer coating.

The resulting coating desirably contains a minority amount of thesubstantially water-insoluble, cross-linked polymer, which minorityamount is insufficient for the pre-portion to retain its structuralintegrity in the user's mouth after the water-soluble, non-cross-linkedcomponent has dissolved. Thus, the particles of plant material 16contained within the coating 12 are released and/or dispersed in theuser's mouth once the water-soluble component dissolves and thepre-portioned form disintegrates.

The resulting coating is preferably in the form of a gel, moreparticularly in the form of a hydrogel. As a result, in addition to thepolymers, cross-linking agents, and any additives, such aspreservatives, flavorants, etc., a significant portion of the weight ofthe coating is water. Because only the water-soluble, non-cross-linkedcomponent of the coating dissolves and releases moisture into the user'smouth, the amount of moisture released is controlled, and is notexcessive. This provides the user with decreased slipperiness andimproved mouthfeel when using the product.

Preferably, the water-soluble, non-cross-linked component dissolvesrapidly in a user's mouth. In a preferred embodiment, the solublecomponent dissolves in about 0.1 seconds to about 10 seconds (e.g.,about 1 second to about 9 seconds, about 2 seconds to about 8 seconds,about 3 seconds to about 7 seconds or about 4 seconds to about 6seconds) after introduction into the oral cavity. Also preferably, thepre-portioned form loses its structural integrity within about 5 toabout 15 seconds (e.g., about 6 to about 14 seconds, about 7 to about 13seconds, about 6 to about 12 seconds, about 7 to about 11 seconds orabout 8 to about 10 seconds) after introduction into the oral cavity.

Preferably, the water-soluble component is formed by a non-cross-linkedand/or non-crosslinkable polymer. In an embodiment, the water-solublecomponent can be formed by a cross-linkable polymer, which has notreacted with a cross-linking agent. Preferably, the coating includes thewater-soluble, non-cross-linkable polymer in an amount of about 15% toabout 30% by weight based on the weight of the coating solution. If lessthan 15% water-soluble component is used, the pre-portioned product willretain too much structural integrity, and will break up into largechunks upon dissolution of the water-soluble, non-cross-linked polymerbecause portions of the coating will be too strong. If more than 30% ofthe coating is the water-soluble non-cross-linked polymer, thepre-portioned product will have insufficient structural integrity toallow a user to handle it while placing it in the mouth.

Also preferably, the substantially water-insoluble component is formedby a chemically cross-linkable polymer reacted with a cross-linkingagent. Preferably, the coating includes the substantiallywater-insoluble component in an amount of about 0.3% to about 1.5% byweight based on the weight of the coating solution. If a coatingcontaining less than about 0.3% substantially water-insoluble componentis used, the pre-portioned product will be too weak for a user to handlewhen placing in the mouth, and will break apart. If a coating containingmore than about 1.5% substantially water insoluble component is used,the coating will provide too much structural integrity to the product,which will not break apart and disperse the tobacco material properly inthe user's mouth.

The polymers of the water-soluble component and substantiallywater-insoluble component may be natural or synthetic. Preferably thepolymers are hydrocolloids. More preferably, the polymers arepolysaccharides.

Suitable non-chemically-cross-linkable polymers include, withoutlimitation, starch and starch derivatives, such as modified starch,dextrin, gums, such as gum arabic, guar gum, xanthan gum, locust beangum, curdlan gum, gellan gum, fenugreek derivative gums, pullulan,chitosan, chitin, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, syntheticpolymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polylactide, polyethylene glycol,polyvinylpyrrolidone, or polyvinylacetate, and soluble or insolublevegetable fiber.

Suitable chemically cross-linkable polymers include, without limitation,alginate, pectin, carrageenan, and modified polysaccharides withcross-linkable functional groups. Preferred cross-linkable polymers arepectins and alginates.

In a preferred embodiment, the cross-linking agent is a polyvalent metalsalt, more particularly, a monovalent metal ion salt or bivalent metalion salt. While, both monovalent and bivalent metal ion salts may beused, a bivalent metal ion salt is particularly suitable forcrosslinking certain polysaccharides, such as pectins. Suitablecross-linking agents include, without limitation, calcium lactate,calcium chloride, calcium lactobionate, tricalcium phosphate, calciumglycerophosphate, calcium hexametaphosphate, calcium acetate, calciumcarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, calcium citrate, calcium gluconate,sodium chloride, sodium lactate, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate,sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, sodium gluconate, potassiumchloride, potassium lactate, potassium acetate, potassium carbonate,potassium bicarbonate, potassium citrate, potassium gluconate andcombinations of these.

The amount of cross-linking agent used will depend to a large extent onthe amount of cross-linkable polymer included in the coating mixture.For the preferred amounts of cross-linkable polymers disclosed herein,preferably, the cross-linking agent is included in the coating in anamount of about 0.5 wt % to about 2.0 wt %, based on the total weight ofthe cross-linking solution, more preferably about 0.5 wt % to about 1.5wt %. Using less than 0.5 wt % cross-linking agent will generally notprovide enough cross-linking agent to react with the amounts ofcross-linkable polymer included in the coating mixture, which tends toresult in a weak coating that will not provide the pre-portioned productwith sufficient structural integrity for user handling when retrievingthe product and positioning it in the oral cavity. Using more than about2.0 wt % is unnecessary due to the low amount of cross-linkable polymerpresent, thereby adding unnecessary cost to the product, and mayadversely affect the flavor of the product.

Alternatively, proteins, such as gelatin, zein, soy protein, riceprotein, and whey protein, can be used to supplement or replace thecross-linkable polymers that are cross-linked with monovalent andbivalent metal ion salts. The proteins slowly cross-link with phenolicsand/or aldehydes that are naturally occurring in plant material.

Once the water-soluble component of the coating dissolves, flavors andwater are released into the user's mouth and the pre-portioned productloses its structural integrity so that the plant material enclosed bythe coating is released. The pre-portioned product thus provides bothrapid flavor release and a replication of the experience of using loosemoist smokeless tobacco very soon after insertion into the user's oralcavity.

In addition, due to the presence of relatively small amounts ofwater-soluble component, excess water and juice are not released upondisintegration of the pre-portioned product. The combination of polymersin the coating, in the ranges disclosed herein, provides a softcompliant feel to the tongue and mouth tissues, and dissolves quickly,so that the sensory experience associated with moist tobacco use israpid and unencumbered. In addition, because only small quantities ofthe substantially water-insoluble cross-linked polymer remain on a smallquantity of the plant material (i.e., only that quantity of plantmaterial that was actually in contact with the coating) after thepre-portioned product has disintegrated in the user's mouth, the plantmaterial that disperses is essentially uncoated. When this plantmaterial is tobacco, the resulting sensory experience replicates moreclosely what user's expect from moist smokeless tobacco than would aproduct where the individual particles have been coated.

In a preferred embodiment, the coating is not messy or sticky to thetouch. Because at least two polymers are used to create the coating,when a user touches the coating, the polymers do not disassociate fromone another. Therefore, the coating is not sticky when the product isremoved from a package and placed in the mouth.

Preferably, the pre-portioned product weighs about 1.0 to 3.0 grams, andmore preferably about 2.0 to about 2.5 grams. The weight ispredominately based on the amount of tobacco or other plant materialused since the weight of the coating is small as compared to that of thetobacco or plant material. In an embodiment, the pre-portioned productmay be up to about 1.5 inches long, up to 1 inch in height, and up to ¾inch in width. Preferably, the pre-portioned product is flexible,compressible, and capable of conforming to the shape of the oral cavity.

In a preferred embodiment, the plant material used is or containstobacco, and will be further described by reference to this preferredplant material. It will be understood, however, that the embodimentsdescribed below are equally applicable to other plant materials, such astobacco substitutes.

Exemplary tobacco materials that may be coated can include cut or groundtobacco. In a preferred embodiment, the tobacco is a blend of DarkFire-Cured and Dark Air Cured tobaccos. Additionally, flavor additivesand/or humectants may be included in the tobacco material. The tobaccocan have the composition and attributes of conventional moist snuff ormoist smokeless tobacco.

Examples of suitable types of tobacco materials that may be usedinclude, but are not limited to, flue-cured tobacco, Burley tobacco,Maryland tobacco, Oriental tobacco, rare tobacco, specialty tobacco,reconstituted tobacco, agglomerated tobacco fines, blends thereof andthe like. Preferably, the tobacco material is pasteurized. Some or allof the tobacco material may be fermented.

The tobacco material may be provided in any suitable form, includingshreds and/or particles of tobacco lamina, processed tobacco materials,such as volume expanded or puffed tobacco, or ground tobacco, processedtobacco stems, such as cut-rolled or cut-puffed stems, reconstitutedtobacco materials, blends thereof, and the like. Genetically modifiedtobacco may also be used.

Additionally, the tobacco material may also include a supplementalamount of vegetable or plant fibers or particles, such as particles ofshreds of lettuce, cotton, flax, beet fiber, cellulosic fibers, blendsthereof and the like.

In one embodiment, the tobacco material is completely disintegrable sothat once the water-soluble component of the coating dissolves, thesubstantially water-insoluble component has disintegrated and thetobacco material has disintegrated, no discernible particles remain inthe user's mouth.

Humectants can also be added to the tobacco material to help maintainthe moisture levels in the pre-portioned tobacco product. Examples ofhumectants that can be used with the tobacco material include glycerol,glycerine, triethylene glycol and propylene glycol. The humectants mayalso be provided for a preservative effect, as the water activity of theproduct can be decreased with inclusion of a humectant. In turn, theopportunity for growth of micro-organisms is diminished. Additionally,humectants can be used to provide a higher moisture feel to a driertobacco component.

In an embodiment, the pre-portioned tobacco material 16 or the coating12 can include one or more flavors, sweeteners, preservatives,nutraceuticals, antioxidants, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, botanicalextracts and/or chemesthesis agents that can be released upondissolution of the soluble component of the coating or upondisintegration of the insoluble component of the coating. If slowrelease of certain flavor additives is desired, such additives can beincorporated in the insoluble component. Preferably, the releasedflavors enhance the oral sensorial experience of the tobacco productuser.

Suitable flavor additives and aromas for inclusion in the coating 12 orthe tobacco material 16 include, but are not limited to, any natural orsynthetic flavor or aroma, such as tobacco, smoke, menthol, peppermint,spearmint, bourbon, scotch, whiskey, cognac, hydrangea, lavender,chocolate, licorice, citrus and other fruit flavors, such as apple,peach, pear, cherry, plum, orange and grapefruit, gamma octalactone,vanillin, ethyl vanillin, breath freshener flavors, spice flavors suchas cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, sage, anise, and fennel, methyl salicylate,linalool, jasmine, coffee, bergamot oil, geranium oil, lemon oil, andginger oil. Other suitable flavors and aromas may include flavorcompounds selected from the group consisting of an acid, an alcohol, anester, and aldehyde, a ketone, a pyrazine, combinations or blendsthereof and the like. Suitable flavor compounds may be selected, forexample, from the group consisting of phenylacetic acid, solanone,megastimatrienone, 2-heptanone, benzylalcohol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate,valeric acid, valeric aldehyde, ester, terpene, sequiterpene,nootkatone, maltol, damascenone, pyrazine, lactone, anethole, isovalericacid, combinations thereof and the like. The flavorants can be includedin the coating solution in an amount of about 0.001 wt % to about 20 wt%, and more preferably about 0.010 wt % to about 0.1 wt % (e.g., about0.014 wt %) based on the total weight of the coating solution. Whenusing a hydrophobic flavorant in the coating, an emulsifier candesirably also be included in the coating. The flavorant and/oremulsifier can be included in the polymer solution, which is applied tothe preformed and/or pre-portioned tobacco material.

Suitable emulsifiers include, without limitation polysorbate 20,polysorbate 80 and sugar ester. The emulsifiers can be included in anamount of about 0.001 wt % to about 20 wt %, preferably about 0.1 wt %to about 2.0 wt % (e.g., about 1.0 wt %), based on the total weight ofthe coating solution.

The coating 12 or the pre-portioned plant material 16 may also includeadditives such as natural or artificial sweeteners. Preferred sweetenersinclude, without limitation, water soluble sweeteners, such asmonosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, such as xylose,ribose, sucrose, maltose, fructose, glucose, and mannose.

Additives such as chemesthesis agents may also be included in thecoating 12 or the pre-portioned tobacco material 16. Suitablechemesthesis agents for inclusion in the coating include, withoutlimitation, capsaicin, tannins, mustard oil, wintergreen oil, cinnamonoil, allicin, quinine, citric acid, and salt.

Suitable vitamins include, without limitation, vitamin A (retinol),vitamin D (cholecalciferol), vitamin E group, vitamin K group(phylloquinones and menaquinones), thiamine (vitamin B₁), riboflavin(vitamin B₂), niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine (vitamin B₆ group), folicacid, choline, inositol, vitamin B₁₂ (cobalamins), PABA(para-aminobezoic acid), biotin, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and mixturesthereof. The amount of vitamins can be varied according to the type ofvitamin and the intended user of the pre-portioned product. For example,the amount of vitamins may be formulated to include an amount less thanor equal to the recommendations of the United States Department ofAgriculture Recommended Daily Allowances. Absorption of the vitamins(particularly vitamin E and certain cobalamins) by the tissues of themouth can be enhanced through the inclusion of agents that increasepermeability of mucus membranes. Suitable agents includes fatty acids(e.g., oleic, palmitic and/or lauric acid).

As used herein, the term “nutraceuticals” refers to any ingredient infoods that has a beneficial effect on human health. Nutraceuticalsinclude particular compounds/compositions isolated from natural foodsources and genetically modified food sources. For example,nutraceuticals include various phytonutrients derived from naturalplants and genetically engineered plants.

Suitable minerals include, without limitation, calcium, magnesium,phosphorus, iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, potassium, copper, manganese,molybdenum, chromium, and mixtures thereof. The amount of mineralsincorporated into the pre-portioned product can be varied according tothe type of mineral and the intended user. For example, the amount ofminerals may be formulated to include an amount less than or equal tothe recommendations of the United States Department of AgricultureRecommended Daily Allowances.

Suitable amino acids include, without limitation, the essential aminoacids that cannot be biosynthetically produced in humans, includingvaline, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine,and phenylalanine. Examples of other suitable amino acids include thenon-essential amino acids including alanine, arginine, asparagine,aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine,proline, serine, and tyrosine.

In another embodiment, the pre-portioned product can include variousactive agents having antioxidant properties that can delay the ageingprocess, as food-grade ingredients. For example, the antioxidants caninclude: active ingredients that can be extracted from Ginkgo biloba,including flavonoid glycosides (“ginkgoflavonoids”), such as(iso)quercitin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-rhamnosides, isorhamnetin,luteolin, luteolin glycosides, sitosterol glycosides, and hexacyclicterpene lactones, referred to as “ginkgolides” or “bilobalides”; theactive ingredients that can be extracted from Camellia sinensis, such asgreen tea, including various “tea tannins,” such as epicatechol,epigallocatechol, epigallocatechol gallate, epigallocatechol gallate,theaflavin, theaflavin monogallate A or B, and theaflavin digallate; theactive ingredients that can be extracted from Vaccinium myrtillus, suchas blueberry, including at least 15 different anthocyanosides, such asdelphinidin, anthocyanosides, myrtin, epimyrtin, phenolic acids,glycosides, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and hyperoside; the activeingredients that can be extracted from Vinis vitifera, such as grapes,include polyphenols, catechols, quercitrins, and resveratrols; and theactive ingredients that can be extracted from Olea europensis, such asthe leaves of olive trees, include oleuropein. Many active ingredientsidentified from these and other plant sources associated with theneutralization of free radicals and useful for delaying the ageingprocess are contemplated as suitable for inclusion in the pre-portionedtobacco material 16 or the coating 12 described herein.

Suitable botanical extracts can include the active ingredients ofTrifolium pratense, such as purple clovers (i.e., common purpletrefoils), including isoflavones or isoflavone glucosides, daidzein,genestein, formononentin, biochanin A, ononin, and sissostrin. Thehealth-promoting properties of compounds derived from Panax, a genusthat includes Ginseng, are well-established and may also be included inthe pre-portioned product. These and other botanticals, botanicalextracts, and bioactive compounds having health promoting effects arecontemplated.

Suitable preservatives include, without limitation, methyl paraben,propyl paraben, sodium propionate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoateand the like. The preservatives can be included in an amount of about0.001 wt % to about 20 wt %, and more preferably about 0.01 wt % toabout 1.0 wt % (e.g., about 0.1 wt %), based upon the total weight ofthe coating solution.

In one embodiment, the coating is a single layer, thin coating, having asoluble component and an insoluble component, over at least a portion ofthe surface of the pre-portioned plant material.

In a another embodiment, a multi-layered coating can be used, so thatthe properties of the coating, such as the rate of dissolution, amountof water and flavor released, and the thickness, can be controlled.

To form the coated moist tobacco product, an amount of tobacco materialis shaped to create a preform, which can have any desired shape. Shapingof the tobacco material may be by molding or pressing the moist tobaccoin a suitable mold or die. The tobacco material is preferably pressed ormolded in a manner that does not remove moisture from the tobacco. Thistypically requires sufficiently light pressure to maintain a moisturecontent of about 50% to 55% by weight of the tobacco material. Thepreform is desirably large enough to provide moist tobacco in an amountsimilar to that typically used by users as an individual portion.Alternatively, the shaping of the tobacco material can be accomplishedby continuous low shear extrusion and cutting of the shapes with orwithout subsequent forming and/or shaping.

In an embodiment, the tobacco material is then dipped in a polymersolution containing at least two different polymers dissolved in water.Preferably, a chemically cross-linkable polymer and a non-cross-linkablepolymer are used.

Because moist smokeless tobacco naturally contains salts such as calciumions, the calcium ions preferably cross-link with the cross-linkablepolymer to form a skin or shell on the inside of the coating once thetobacco material has been contacted with the two polymer solution.Although it is possible for calcium ions from the tobacco to diffuse allthe way through the coating, this can be a relatively slow process oncethe inner coating has formed. As a result, it is usually preferable toalso expose the coating to an applied solution of cross-linking agent.This results in the formation of an outer skin or shell on the coating,and the diffusion of cross-linking agent from the relatively highconcentration in the applied solution to the relatively lowconcentration in the coating. The inner and outer skins or shellsprovide a moisture barrier for the tobacco and the soluble portion ofthe coating, trapping moisture therein. Preferably, the shells/skins areformed of a discontinuous, cross-linkable polymer with regions of thenon-cross-linkable polymer incorporated therein.

The concentration of the polymer solution, in part, determines thethickness of the coating membrane. The thickness of the coating can inturn affect how quickly the soluble component of the coating dissolvesin a user's mouth. The coating is a moist, gel-like coating when formedand the moistness is preferably retained until use. Preferably, thecoated tobacco product is hermetically sealed in suitable packaging toprevent moisture in the tobacco and coating from evaporating.

Preferably, the cross-linking solution contains a bivalent metal ionsalt. Most preferably, the cross-linking solution includes calciumlactate, which is commonly used in the food industry. In one embodiment,the cross-linking solution is a 0.5 wt % calcium lactate solution.

After cross-linking and any necessary washing to remove excesscross-linking agent, the pre-portioned product can be exposed to air orpatted dry to remove excess moisture. The pre-portioned product can bedried at elevated temperature, as long as the moisture content of thetobacco and of the coating remains relatively high. When dried, juicesfrom the plant material (including water soluble flavors and compoundsfrom the plant material) transfer into the gel coating and are deliveredwhen placed in the mouth. If not dried, the coating may be watery.

In another embodiment, the polymer solution and the cross-linkingsolution can be patterned, overprinted, or sprayed onto the tobaccomaterial preform to form a network having a soluble component and aninsoluble component.

In an embodiment, the process may be automated. For instance, thecoating step may occur via spraying the polymer solution and thecross-linking solution alternately onto a preformed portion of tobaccomaterial 16 to create a cross-linked, thin, coating 12 of a desiredthickness.

In an embodiment, tobacco-based polymers may be substituted fornon-tobacco sourced materials in the coating. For example,tobacco-derived pectins may be used as the cross-linkable polymer.Flavorful tobacco compounds may be extracted from the tobacco basedmaterial in order to modify the tobacco flavor character of the initialin-mouth experience. However, such high extraction is unnecessary.

In one embodiment, additional dissolvable tobacco such as tobaccoextracts or colloidal encapsulated tobacco can be added to the coatingto increase the initial tobacco flavor in the first stages of thedissolution of the coating.

Fillers may be added to the coating to make the coating opaque.Colorants and/or opacifiers may also be added to alter the color of thecoating.

The following examples are exemplary and are not meant to limit anyaspects of the embodiments disclosed herein.

Example 1

To form a coating, a round bottom flask is charged with 1% pectin, 1%dextrin, 0.04% alginate, and balance deionized water. The mixture isstirred and heated to about 50° C. to 100° C. to dissolve the polymersand form a coating solution. The coating solution is cooled down to roomtemperature and then transferred to a plastic pan. 2.5 g of moisttobacco is first molded into a tetragonal shape and then dipped into theabove-described solution. A cross-linking solution of 0.5% calciumlactate in water is prepared. The coating on the moist tobacco is thencross-linked with the cross-linking solution by dipping the moldedcoated tobacco into the cross-linking solution. The sample is exposed inair to evaporate moisture until the weight of the coated moist tobaccoproduct reaches about 2.5 g to 2.8 g.

Example 2

The procedure described above in Example 1 is repeated, except that nocalcium lactate solution is applied to the coated moist tobacco portion.

Example 3

To form a coating, a round bottom flask is charged with 0.38 wt %pectin, 23 wt % dextrin and balance deionized water. The mixture isstirred and heated to about 50° C. to 100° C. to dissolve the polymers.The coating solution is cooled down to room temperature and thentransferred to a plastic pan. 2.5 g of moist tobacco is first moldedinto a tetragonal shape and then dipped into the above-describedsolution. A cross-linking solution of 0.5 wt % calcium lactate in wateris prepared. The coating on the moist tobacco is then cross-linked withthe cross-linking solution by dipping the molded tobacco into thecross-linking solution. The sample is exposed in air to evaporatemoisture until the weight of the coated moist tobacco product reachesabout 2.5 g to 2.8 g.

Example 4

To form a coating, a round bottom flask is charged with 0.38 wt %pectin, 23 wt % dextrin, 0.014 wt % wintergreen flavorant, 0.98 wt %polysorbate 20 and balance deionized water. The mixture is stirred andheated to about 50° C. to 100° C. to dissolve the polymers and form acoating solution. The coating solution is cooled down to roomtemperature and then transferred to a plastic pan. 2.5 g of moisttobacco is first molded into a tetragonal shape and then dipped into theabove-described solution. A cross-linking solution of 0.5 wt % calciumlactate in water is prepared. The coating on the moist tobacco is thencross-linked with the cross-linking solution by dipping the moldedtobacco into the cross-linking solution. The sample is exposed in air toevaporate moisture until the weight of the coated moist tobacco productreaches about 2.5 g to 2.8 g.

Example 5

To form a coating, a round bottom flask is charged with 0.38 wt %pectin, 23 wt % dextrin, 0.014 wt % wintergreen flavorant, 0.98 wt %polysorbate 20, 0.1 wt % methyl paraben and balance deionized water. Themixture is stirred and heated to about 50° C. to 100° C. to dissolve thepolymers and form a coating solution. The coating solution is cooleddown to room temperature and then transferred to a plastic pan. 2.5 g ofmoist tobacco is first molded into a tetragonal shape and then dippedinto the above-described solution. A cross-linking solution of 0.5 wt %calcium lactate in water is prepared. The coating on the moist tobaccois then cross-linked with the cross-linking solution by dipping themolded tobacco into the cross-linking solution. The sample is exposed inair to evaporate moisture until the weight of the coated moist tobaccoproduct reaches about 2.5 g to 2.8 g.

Example 6

The procedure described above for Example 3 is repeated, except that thecoating solution is sprayed onto the molded moist tobacco portion,instead of dipping the portion in the coating solution.

Example 7

The procedure described above for Example 3 is repeated, except that acoating solution of 15 wt % modified starch (National Starch) and 1 wt %pectin is used, and no cross-linking solution is used.

Example 8

The procedure described above for Example 7 is repeated, except that acoating solution of 20 wt % modified starch and 1 wt % pectin is used.

Example 9

The procedure described above for Example 8 is repeated, except that thecoated portion was further coated with a coating solution of 0.38 wt %pectin and 23 wt % dextrin after coating with the modified starchsolution.

Example 10

The procedure described above for Example 3 is repeated, except that nocross-linking solution is used.

In this specification, the word “about” is often used in connection withnumerical values to indicate that mathematical precision of such valuesis not intended. Accordingly, it is intended that where “about” is usedwith a numerical value, a tolerance of 10% is contemplated for thatnumerical value.

While the foregoing describes in detail a pre-portioned tobacco productincluding a coating and methods of making with reference to specificembodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art thatvarious changes and modifications equivalents to the pre-portionedtobacco product including a coating and process steps may be employed,which do not materially depart from the spirit and scope of theinvention. Accordingly, all such changes, modifications, and equivalentsthat fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by theappended claims are intended to be encompassed thereby.

We claim:
 1. A pre-portioned product for oral enjoyment comprising: a coating comprising a water-soluble, non-cross-linked component; and a substantially water-insoluble, cross-linked component; and a collection of particles of plant material at least partially enclosed by said coating.
 2. The pre-portioned product of claim 1, wherein said plant material comprises tobacco material.
 3. The pre-portioned product of claim 1, wherein said water-soluble, non-cross-linked component is formed by a non-cross-linked polymer and wherein said non-cross-linked polymer is selected from the group consisting of starch and starch derivatives, such as modified starch, dextrin, gums, such as gum arabic, guar gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, curdlan gum, gellan gum, fenugreek derivative gums, pullulan, chitosan, chitin, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, synthetic polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polylactide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or polyvinylacetate, soluble or insoluble vegetable fiber and combinations thereof.
 4. The pre-portioned product of claim 1, wherein said substantially water-insoluble, cross-linked component is formed by cross-linking a cross-linkable polymer with a cross-linking agent and wherein said cross-linkable polymer is selected from the group consisting of alginate, pectin, carrageenan, modified polysaccharides with cross-linkable functional groups, and combinations thereof.
 5. The pre-portioned product of claim 4, wherein said cross-linkable polymer comprises pectin.
 6. The pre-portioned product of claim 1, wherein the coating further comprises at least one non-tobacco flavorant and an optional emulsifier (a) incorporated in the water-soluble component so as to provide rapid release; (b) incorporated in the substantially water-insoluble component so as to provide prolonged release; or (c) incorporated in both the substantially water-insoluble and water-soluble components so as to provide slow release and prolonged release.
 7. The pre-portioned product of claim 1, wherein said coating further comprises: a) at least one sweetener; b) at least one chemesthesis agent; c) a tobacco extract, (d) at least one vitamin; (e) at least one nutraceutical; (f) at least one mineral; (g) at least one botanical extract; and/or (h) at least one amino acid; wherein said at least one sweetener, said at least one chemesthesis agent; said tobacco extract, said at least one vitamin, said at least one nutraceutical, said at least one mineral, at least one botanical extract, and/or said at least one amino acid are released when said soluble component dissolves.
 8. The pre-portioned product of claim 2, wherein said tobacco material includes at least one humectant.
 9. The pre-portioned product of claim 1, wherein said collection of particles of plant material is completely disintegrable into individual particles in the oral cavity of a user.
 10. The pre-portioned moist tobacco product of claim 2, wherein said pre-portioned product is a moist smokeless tobacco product having an individual portion that weighs about 1.0 g to 4.0 g and wherein the product is moist, soft, and flexible so as to conform to the shape of an oral cavity when placed therein.
 11. The pre-portioned product of claim 2, wherein said tobacco material is a molded portion of moist tobacco material having a moisture content of at least about 30% and/or the coating includes at least two different polymers in said soluble component and/or in said insoluble component.
 12. The pre-portioned product of claim 2, wherein the coating comprises a single layer having an inner surface in contact with the tobacco material and an outer surface which is exposed to saliva and tissue in the oral cavity when placed therein.
 13. The pre-portioned product of claim 1, wherein the water-soluble, non-cross-linkable component comprises a starch and the substantially water-insoluble, cross-linked component comprises pectin.
 14. The pre-portioned product of claim 1, wherein the coating is formed by contacting a shaped mass of the plant material with an aqueous coating solution comprising the water-soluble, non-cross-linked component an amount of about 15% to about 30% by weight based on the weight of the coating solution and the substantially water-insoluble, cross-linked component in an amount of about 0.3% to about 1.5% by weight based on the weight of the coating solution.
 15. The pre-portioned product of claim 1, wherein the coating is a multicomponent coating wherein each layer comprises a water-soluble, non-cross-linked component and a substantially water-insoluble, cross-linked component. 